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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Ассоциации вузов туризма и сервиса</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1999-5644</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2414-3863</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8110</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/14579</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Актуальные научные исследования вузов туризма и сервиса</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Actual scientific researches of higher education institutions of tourism and service</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Актуальные научные исследования вузов туризма и сервиса</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Strategic Entrepreneurship in the Hotel Industry: The Role of Chain Affiliation</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Стратегическое предпринимательство в гостиничной отрасли: роль сетевой принадлежности</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Карлбак</surname>
       <given-names>Мэтс </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Karlbak</surname>
       <given-names>Mets </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-11-10T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>10</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-11-10T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>10</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>5</fpage>
   <lpage>22</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rguts.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/8110/view">https://rguts.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/8110/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Целью представленной работы является определение причин того, почему независимые отели решают&#13;
стать сетевыми и утратить столь ценимую ими ранее независимость. Основываясь на интервью,&#13;
в ходе которого были опрошены представители двенадцати независимых отелей и пяти гостиничных&#13;
сетей, активно работающих на шведском рынке, установлено, что независимый статус действи-&#13;
тельно является важным мотивом, однако такие факторы конкурентоспособности, как техническое&#13;
оснащение, интернет, использование смартфонов, социальных сетей, продажи и маркетинг, центра-&#13;
лизация закупок и карты лояльности, обеспечиваются на более высоком уровне сетевыми отелями.&#13;
Результаты исследования также демонстрируют, что маркетинговые организации и реферальные&#13;
сети являются предпочтительными вариантами, поскольку их предложения в большей степени соот-&#13;
ветствуют взглядам на стратегическое предпринимательство, которых придерживаются отельеры.&#13;
Даже такие агентские аспекты, как права контроля, влияли на желание гостиничных предпринима-&#13;
телей приобретать сетевой статус, поскольку респонденты считали, что их подход к управлению&#13;
бизнесом является наиболее эффективным. Результаты исследования привносят новую информацию&#13;
в контексте агентской теории, стратегического предпринимательства и ресурсной концепцией фир-&#13;
мы. Более практически ориентированный итог работы состоит в том, что она позволяет независи-&#13;
мым отельерам оценивать текущую предпринимательскую ситуацию и определять, какие вариан-&#13;
ты представляют наибольшую ценность. Исследование полезно и для гостиничных сетей, поскольку&#13;
систематизирует те факторы, которые им необходимо учесть, чтобы делать наиболее подходящие&#13;
предложения для независимых отелей. Особенность методики проведенного в 2010 году исследования&#13;
состоит в двусоставном интервьюировании отельеров. В первую подгруппу вошли двенадцать част-&#13;
ных независимых отелей, отличающихся размерами, категориями и звездностью, а также разной&#13;
степенью аффилированности, от полностью независимых до сетевых, расположенных на юге Шве-&#13;
ции. Вторая группа представлена гостиничными сетями (как сетями в полном смысле, так и менее&#13;
жесткими по своим рамкам формами организаций) с целью получить представление о том, что они&#13;
могут предложить независимым отелям и какие меры ограничения и контроля они используют по от-&#13;
ношению к своим гостиницам. В качестве центральных результатов интервьюирования можно&#13;
отметить следующие. Во-первых, получило подтверждение предположение о том, маркетинго-&#13;
вые организации и реферальные сети являются наиболее предпочтительной альтернативой для&#13;
независимых отелей. Частные отельеры высоко ценят свою индивидуальность, способность не-&#13;
зависимо вести свой гостиничный бизнес, а также обеспечивать уникальные потребительские&#13;
впечатления гостям. Во-вторых, по крайней мере три из двенадцати независимых отелей счи-&#13;
тают постоянные издержки аффилиации, взносы и роялти наиболее важной проблемой, нежели&#13;
первоначальные затраты, необходимые для обеспечения стандартов сети или организации. В то&#13;
же самое время представители большинства отелей не придают такого большого значения взно-&#13;
сам и роялти. В-третьих, решение аффилироваться с сетью во многом диктуется соображени-&#13;
ями обеспечения продаж и маркетинговых каналов. В частности, отмечается особая важность&#13;
карт лояльности, эффективное функционирование которых, как правило, крайне затруднительно&#13;
обеспечить в рамках одного независимого отеля, и здесь у сети возникает важное стратегиче-&#13;
ское преимущество. В-четвертых, касательно финансирования роста и экспансии все двенадцать&#13;
отелей ответили, что не рассматривают акционирование как вариант привлечения капитала,&#13;
1 Статья впервые опубликована в Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. 12, No. 4, 349–372.&#13;
поскольку не хотят терять контроль над своим бизнесом, и поэтому готовы использовать либо&#13;
собственный капитал, либо долговое финансирование. В-пятых, как оказалось, проблема отрица-&#13;
тельного отбора в связи с назначением на руководящие должности членов семьи не представляет&#13;
никакой важности для независимых отельеров. Более того, они убеждены, что, поскольку члены&#13;
семьи выросли в атмосфере семейного бизнеса, то они лучше понимают суть бизнеса и его культуру.&#13;
Что же касается возможного привлечения наемных управляющих, то такие идеи не пользуются&#13;
популярностью у независимых отелей. Владельцы и единоличные управляющие не только опасаются&#13;
высоких агентских издержек, но часто принципиально не хотят расставаться с контролем, ис-&#13;
пытывая эмоциональную привязанность с управлению своим гостиничным предприятием. По этим&#13;
же причинам независимые отели в большинстве случаев не ставят перед собой задачу расширения&#13;
бизнеса. В-шестых, выяснилось, что понятие BVAA (ценность бренда, связанная с принадлежно-&#13;
стью к сети) практически не знакома представителям отрасли и соответствующая методика ее&#13;
оценки практически не применяется гостиничными сетями. На примере гостиничной отрасли юга&#13;
Швеции статья демонстрирует необходимость учета широкого множества универсальных фак-&#13;
торов, начиная с агентской теории и заканчивая мотивационно-психологическими особенностя-&#13;
ми поведения собственников, которые влияют на стратегические предпринимательские решения,&#13;
связанные как с аффиляционными предпочтениями независимых отелей, так и с выстраиванием&#13;
оптимальной контрактной логики со стороны гостиничных сетей.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Аbstract. The aim of this paper is to identify why independent hotels decide to affiliate and give up their&#13;
highly valued independence. Based on interviews with 12 independently owned hotels and five affiliations&#13;
active on the Swedish market, it became evident that independence is important, but factors such as development&#13;
with technical solutions, internet, the use of smart phones, social media, sales and marketing,&#13;
central purchasing and loyalty cards are difficult to pursue as an independent hotel. The results also showed&#13;
that marketing organisations and referral chains are the preferred options, as their offerings are more in&#13;
line with the view of strategic entrepreneurship that the hoteliers expressed. Even agencyrelated aspects&#13;
such as control rights affected the entrepreneurs’ aspiration to affiliate, at the same time as the respondents&#13;
thought their way of running the business was the most efficient. The results from the research add to the&#13;
knowledge associated with agency theory, strategic entrepreneurship and resource-based view of the firm.&#13;
More practically, it gives the independent hoteliers a possibility to assess the current situation and decide&#13;
what options could be valuable, while the affiliations would be able to better align their offerings to attract&#13;
new hotels.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>отрасль гостеприимства</kwd>
    <kwd>стратегическое предпринимательство</kwd>
    <kwd>принадлежность&#13;
к сети</kwd>
    <kwd>рост</kwd>
    <kwd>отели</kwd>
    <kwd>Швеция</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>hospitality industry</kwd>
    <kwd>strategic entrepreneurship</kwd>
    <kwd>affiliations</kwd>
    <kwd>growth</kwd>
    <kwd>hotels</kwd>
    <kwd>Sweden</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>To be or not to be affiliated is a much discussed and debated topic in today’s hospitality industry. Both for restaurants and hotels, the presence of chains, affiliations and franchise operations, both smaller and larger, are becoming increasingly dominant.</p>
 </body>
 <back>
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